注意力的神經生理機制

The Neurophysiology Mechanism of Attention

10.30072/JDR.201106.0005

林鋐宇(Hung-Yu Lin)；張文典(Wen-Dien Chang)；洪福源(Fu-Yuan Hong)

大腦皮質 ； 注意力 ； 注意力缺陷 ； Attention ； attention deficit ； cerebral cortex

身心障礙研究季刊

9卷2期（2011 / 06 / 01）

123 - 134

繁體中文

透過腦部攝影設備的證據顯示，注意力缺陷屬於多元性的腦部損傷，涵蓋多種大腦皮質與相關組織的損傷。本文統整相關神經生理學的探究，釐清相關腦部組織與注意力功能之間的關係，這些腦部組織包括額葉皮質、顳葉皮質、頂葉皮質、枕葉皮質、網狀活化系統、邊緣系統與小腦等區域。其中，警醒度功能之運作分別受到網狀活化系統、邊緣系統與小腦等組織的支配；集中性注意力之運作分別受到項業皮質與網狀活化系統的支配；持續性注意力之運作分別受到額葉皮質、頂葉皮質與小腦等組織的支配；選擇性注意力之運作分別受到額葉皮質、顳葉皮質與枕葉皮質等組織的支配；轉換性注意力之運作分別受到額葉皮質與頂葉皮質的支配；分配性注意力則分別受到額葉皮質與顳葉皮質的支配。

From the evidence of brain photography, attention deficit is suffered from the damage of multiple brain areas, including various cerebral cortex and related brain areas. This article collects related neurophysiology research to clarify the relationship between brain and attention function. These brain areas include frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, reticular activating system, limbic system and cerebellum. From the results of these researches, the arousal function is controlled by reticular activating system, limbic system and cerebellum. Focused attention is controlled by parietal lobe and reticular activating system. Sustained attention is controlled by frontal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum. Selective attention is controlled by frontal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe. Shifting attention is controlled by frontal lobe and parietal lobe. Divided attention is controlled by frontal lobe and temporal lobe.

1. Auclair, L.,Isabelle, J.,Olivier, D.,David, L.,Eric, S.(2005).Deficit of preparatory attention in children with frontal lobe epilepsy.Neuropsychologia,43,1701-1712.
2. Baddeley, A. D.,Baddeley, H. A.,Bucks, R. S.(2001).Attention control in Alzheimer's disease.Brain,124,1492-1508.
3. Carter, R.(1998).Mapping the mind.Berkeley:University of California Press.
4. Cohen, A. R.(1993).The neuropsychology of attention.New York:Plenum Press.
5. Dolan, R. J.(2002).Emotion, cognition, and behavior.Science,298,1191-1194.
6. Fernandes, M. A.,Moscovitch, M.,Ziegler, M.,Grady, C.(2005).Brain regions associated with successful and unsuccessful retrieval of verbal episodic memory as revealed by divided attention.Neuropsychology,43(8),1115-27.
7. Filoteo, J. V.,Friedrich, F. J.,Stricker, J. L.(2001).Shifting attention different levels within global-local stimuli: A study of normal participants and a patient with temporal-parietal lobe damage.Cognitive Neuropsychology,18(3),227-261.
8. Fleck, D. E.,Shear, P. K.,Strakowski, S. M.(2002).A reevaluation of sustained attention performance in temporal lobe epilepsy.Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,17(4),399-406.
9. Haist, F.,Adamo, M.,Westerfield, M.,Courchesne, E.,Townsend, J.(2005).The functional neuroanatomy of spatial attention in autism spectrum disorder.Developmental Neuropsychology,27(3),425-458.
10. Johnson, A.(ed.),Proctor, R.(ed.)(2004).Attention: Theory and practice.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage Publications, Inc..
11. Kates, W. R.,Frederikse, M.,Mostofsky, S. H.,Folley, B. S.,Cooper, K.,Mazur-Hopkins, P.,Kofman, O.,Singer, H. S.,Denckla, M. B.,Pearlson, G. D.,Kaufmann, W. E.(2002).MRI parcellation of the frontal lobe in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or tourette syndrome.Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging,116,63-81.
12. Kim, B.,Lee, J.,Shin, M.,Cho, S.,Lee, D.(2002).Regional cerebral perfusion abnormalities in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Statistical parametric mapping analysis.European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience,252,219-225.
13. LeDoux, J. E.(1996).The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life.New York:Simon & Schuster.
14. Loze, G. M.,Collins, D.,Holmes, P. S.(2001).Preshot EEG alpha-power during expert air-pistol shooting; A comparison of best and worst shots.Journal of Sport Science,19,727-733.
15. Luria, A. R.(1966).Higher cortical functions in man.New York:Basic Books.
16. Mirsky, A. F.,Anthony, B. J.,Duncan, C. C.,Ahearn, M. B.,Kellam, S. G.(1991).Analysis of the elements of attention: A neuropsychological approach.Neuropsychology Review,2,109-145.
17. Noterdaeme, M.,Amorosa, H.,Mildenberger, K.,Sitter, S.,Minow, F.(2001).Evaluation of attention problems in children with autism and children with specific language disorder.European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,10,58-66.
18. Ochsner, K. N.,Gross, J. J.(2005).The cognitive control of emotion.TRENDS in Cognitive Science,9(5),242-249.
19. Piannini, A.,Turner, K.,Chifari, R.,Morabito, A.,Canger, R.,Canevini, M.(2006).Attention and psychomotor speed decline in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: A longitudinal study.Epilepsy Research,72,89-96.
20. Posner, M. I.(2004).Cognitive neuroscience of attention.NY:The Guilford Press.
21. Posner, M.I.,Petersen, S.E.(1990).The attention system of the human brain.Annual Review of Neuroscience,13,25-42.
22. Rapcsak, S. Z.,Cimino, C. R.,Heilman, K. M.(1998).Altitudinal neglect.Neurology,38,277-281.
23. Rubia, K.,Smith, A.,Brammer, M.,Taylor, E.(2007).Temporal lobe dysfunction in mediation-naïve boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during attention allocation and its relation to response variability.Bioi Psychiatry,62,999-1006.
24. Schulhoff C.,Goodglass H.(1969).Dichotic listening, side of brain injury and cerebral dominance.Neuropsychologia,7,149-160.
25. Schweizer, T. A.,Alexander, M. P.,Cusimano, M.,Stuss, D. T.(2007).Fast and efficient visuotemporal attention requires the cerebellum.Neuropsychologia,45,3068-3074.
26. Sohlberg, M. M.,Mateer, C. A.(2001).Cognitive rehabilitation: An integrative neuropsychological approach.New York, NY:Guilford Press.
27. Vecera, S. P.,Rizzo, M.(2004).What are you looking at? Impaired "social attention" following frontal-lobe damage.Neuropsychologia,42,1657-1665.
28. Vijn, P. C. M.,Van Dijk, B. W.,Spekreijse, H.(1991).Visual stimulation reduces EEG activity in man.Brain Research,550,49-53.
29. Zillmer, E.A.,Spiers, M.(2007).Principles of Neuropsychology.Pacific Grove, C.A.:Wadsworth.
30. 梅錦榮(1991)。神經心理學。台北:桂冠出版社。

1. 呂依庭(2016)。音樂療育課程對身心障礙生 注意力影響之研究:以高職綜合職能科為例。國立臺北藝術大學藝術與人文教育研究所學位論文。2016。1-148。
2. 張雅琪(2017)。氣功訓練課程對注意力缺陷過動症兒童注意力與衝動控制成效之研究。清華大學特殊教育學系學位論文。2017。1-142。