國小教師知覺校長情緒勞務與歸屬感關係之研究－以組織信任為中介變項

A Study on the Relationship between Elementary School Principal's Emotional Labor and Teachers' Sense of Belongingness: taking the Organizational Trust as the Mediator

10.7038/JETP.201612_(34).0003

謝傳崇(HSIEH, Chuan-Chung)；吳麗珠(WU, Li-Chu)

情緒勞務 ； 組織信任 ； 歸屬感 ； emotional labor ； organizational trust ； sense of belongingness

教育理論與實踐學刊

34期（2016 / 12 / 01）

57 - 89

繁體中文

校長的情緒勞務是影響教師歸屬感高低的重要因素。本研究旨在以組織信任為中介變項，了解國民小學校長情緒勞務對教師歸屬感之影響。研究方法為問卷調查法，並使用結構方程模式驗證校長情緒勞務、組織信任與教師歸屬感的關係。研究結果顯示臺灣地區國民小學教師知覺校長情緒勞務、組織信任與教師歸屬感之現況為中高程度表現，三者間具有顯著的正相關存在，且校長情緒勞務與組織信任對整體教師歸屬感具有預測效果。研究並發現校長情緒勞務透過組織信任影響教師歸屬感，組織信任具有完全中介效果。本研究建議校長善用情緒勞務，提升組織信任，並從中建立教師自我認同及自我尊榮感，進而增進教師歸屬感，願意為教育目標而努力。

A Principal's emotional labor is an important influential factor of the teacher's sense of belongingness. By taking the organizational trust as the mediator, this study aims to investigate the relationship between principals' emotional labor and teacher's sense of belongingness. This study first uses a questionnaire survey and then uses a structural equation modeling to test the modal fit. The findings indicate that there are medium and high performances in the relationship between elementary school teachers' perception of principal's emotional labor, organizational trust and teachers' sense of belongingness. There is a significant positive correlation among this threesome, that is, the principal's emotional labor can be taken to predict teachers' sense of belongingness and the organizational trust has the full mediating effect between the principal's emotional labor and teachers' sense of belongingness. This study suggests the principal uses emotional labor properly to enhance the organizational trust and, through this way, to help teachers establish their selfidentity and self-esteem to enforce their sense of belongingness and make them willing to commit to education.

1. 江文慈(2009)。和顏悅色與忍氣吞聲的背後：國小教師情緒勞動的心理歷程分析。教育心理學報，40(4)，553-576。
   連結：
2. 吳宗祐(2008)。主管威權領導與部屬的工作滿意度與組織承諾：信任的中介歷程與情緒智力的調節效果。本土心理學研究，30，3-63。
   連結：
3. 李安明、黃芳銘、呂晶晶(2012)。「國民小學教育人員情緒勞務量表」之發展與編製。測驗學刊，59(3)，451-486。
   連結：
4. 周昌柏、范熾文(2006)。國小校長轉型領導、交易領導與教師工作滿意度關係之研究。花蓮教育大學學報，22，255-282。
   連結：
5. 林鉦棽、蕭淑月、何慧清(2005)。社會交換理論觀點下組織支持、組織知識分享行為與組織公民行為相關因素之研究：信任與關係為分析切入點。人力資源管理學報，5(1)，77-110。
   連結：
6. 范熾文(2005)。國小校長轉型領導與教師組織承諾關係之研究。臺中教育大學學報，19(2)，1-22。
   連結：
7. 教育部統計處（2012）。主要統計表─歷年。取自 http://depart.moe.edu.tw/ED4500/cp.aspx?n=1B58E0B736635285&s=D04C74553DB60CAD
8. Preacher, K. J., & Leonardelli, G. J. (2001). Calculation for the Sobel test: An interactive calculation tool for mediation tests. Calculation for the Sobel test. Retrieved from http://quantpsy.org/sobel/sobel.htm
9. Bourne, P. A.,Beckford, O. W.,Duncan, N. C.(2010).Generalized trust in an English-speaking Caribbean nation.Current Research Journal of Social Sciences,2(1),24-36.
10. Chi, N. W.,Grandey, A. A.,Diamond, J. A.,Krimmel, K. R.(2011).Want a tip? Service performance as a function of emotion regulation and extraversion.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(6),1337-1346.
11. Chu, K. H.(2002).Blacksburg, Virginia,Blacksburg, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
12. Diamantopoulo, A.,Siguaw, J. A.(2000).Introducing LISREL: A guide for the uninitiated.London:Sage Publications.
13. Diefendorff, J. M.,Erickson, R. J.,Grandey, A. A.,Dahling, J. J.(2011).Emotional display rules as work unit norms: A multilevel analysis of emotional labor among nurses.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,16(2),170-186.
14. Fukuyama, F.(1995).Trust: Social virtues and the creation of prosperity.N.Y.:Free Press.
15. Gallagher, S. L.(1996).Hays,Fort Hays State University.
16. Goleman, D.(1995).Emotional Intelligence.N.Y.:Bantam Books.
17. Goodenow, C.,Grady, K. E.(1993).The relationship of school belonging and friends' values to academic motivation among urban adolescents.Journal of Experimental Education,62,60-71.
18. Goodwin, R. E.,Groth, M.,Frenkel, S. J.(2011).Relationships between emotional labor, job performance, and turnover.Journal of Vocational Behavior,79(2),538-548.
19. Hagerty, B. M.,Williams, R. A.,Coyne, J.C.,Early, M. R.(1996).Sense of belonging and indicators of social and psychological functioning.Archives of Psychiatric Nursing,10,235-244.
20. Halbesleben, J. R.,Bowler, W. M.(2007).Emotional exhaustion and job performance: The mediating role of motivation.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(1),93-106.
21. Hochschild, A. R.(1983).The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling.Berkely, CA:University of California.
22. Morris, J. A.,Feldman, D. C.(1996).The dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of emotional labor.Academy of Management Review,21(4),986-1010.
23. Nooteboom, B.(Ed.),Six, F.(Ed.)(2003).The trust process in organizations: Empirical studies of the determinants and the process of trust development.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar.
24. Nyhan, R. C.(2000).Changing the paradigm: Trust and its role in public sector organizations.American Review of Public Administration,30(1),87-109.
25. Sprenger, R. K.(2004).Trust: The best way to manage.London:Cyan Communications.
26. Zembylas, M.(2005).Beyond teacher cognition and teacher beliefs: The value of the ethnography of emotions in teaching.Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education,18(4),465-487.
27. 田育昆(2007)。國民小學教師情緒勞務與組織承諾關係之研究—以桃竹苗四縣市為例。新竹縣教育研究集刊，7，33-76。
28. 呂晶晶(2009)。博士論文(博士論文)。新竹市，國立新竹教育大學。
29. 李新民、陳密桃(2006)。幼兒教師的情緒勞務因素結構及其對工作倦怠之影響。高雄師大學報，20，67-89。
30. 林尚平(2000)。組織情緒勞務負擔量表之發展。中山管理評論，8(3)，427-447。
31. 張乃文(2005)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。新北市，輔仁大學。
32. 溫儀詩(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。新北市，輔仁大學。
33. 劉若蘭(2007)。多元背景技職新生課業準備、歸屬感與心理社會發展之研究。長庚科技學刊，7，159-176。
34. 賴沛如(2010)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。新北市，輔仁大學。
35. 賴慧芬(2010)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄市，國立高雄師範大學。

1. 蕭佳純(Chia-Chun Hsiao)(2023)。以整合型科技接受模式探討國小教師參與網路學習社群對專業成長影響之研究：以使用行為、組織信任為中介變項。教育研究與發展期刊。19(2)。79-111。