職務再設計的輔具應用對肢體障礙者工作狀況之影響：以手工業為例

張玉山

doi:10.6172/BSE.201307.3802004

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P77 - 97

社会科学 > 教育学

DOI： 10.6172/BSE

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职务再设计的辅具应用对肢体障碍者工作状况之影响：以手工业为例

Using Assistive Technology in Job Redesign on the Craft-Working Ability of Craftworkers with Physical Disabilities

张玉山(Yu-Shan Chang)

特殊教育研究学刊； 38 卷 2 期 (2013 / 07 / 01) ， P77 - 97

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6172/BSE.201307.3802004

肢体障碍者；手工业；辅具；职务再设计； physical disabilities ； craft ； assistive technology ； job redesign

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (46) │ 被引用文献 (5) │ 国际计量

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Purpose: This study examined the effects of using assistive technology in job redesign on the working ability of craftworkers with physical disabilities. The purposes of this study were as follows: (a) to investigate the characteristics and difficulties faced by people with physical disabilities when engaged in craftwork; (b) to discuss the assistive technology needs of people with physical disabilities when engaged in craftwork; (c) to advise the participant to use and adjust assistive technology in job redesign when engaged in craftwork; and (d) to discuss the effects of using assistive technology in job redesign on the working ability of craftworkers with physical disabilities. Methods: There were 3 participants in this study. A set of assistive technology was developed for one of the subjects. In-depth interviews were administered to collect data. Inductive analysis and constant comparison were used to analyze the data. Data were confirmed using constant comparison and triangulation. Results: (a) Craftworkers with physical disabilities designed and produced craftworks with the same competency as most people without physical disabilities. The idea generation and concept-designing skills of people with physical disabilities were equivalent to those of most people without physical disabilities. The skills needed to produce products were learned through job experience. Although most tools used by the participants in craftwork were the same tools used by people without disabilities, the participants refined some tools independently. Craftwork involves numerous job requirements and a high degree of working concentration, and these qualities were influenced by physical disabilities both directly and indirectly. Many limitations in producing craftworks were caused by physical disability. Frustration commonly occurred because of low income, lack of spiritual support from relatives and friends, and difficulties in obtaining special materials for craftwork. (b) Disability of physical function had negative effects on the work performance and work effectiveness of participants. In addition to physiological damage, physical disabilities can cause psychological states of inferiority, depression, and passivity as well. This not only affected the work efficiency, but also the employment rate. (c) The participants needed to use special tools for craftwork. These tools included hand tools and power tools. Effectiveness, convenience, safety, and quality of the craftwork of people with physical disabilities can be improved using assistive technology. One participant needed specific facilities including body supports, carrying facilities, and a cushion to relieve pain. (d) The participant faced problems of insufficient support and pain in the lumbar region, buttocks, and legs. Thus, it was difficult for the participant to carry objects when working. Other problems included the distance of different places in the overall working environment, and the high and low drops of passages. Conclusion and Implications: Numerous strategies of using assistive technology for job redesign in craftwork were adopted to solve the identified problems of the participant. These strategies included refining working methods as well as the facilities and the environment, and using assistive technology. The results of this research indicate that, after continually using and refining assistive technology, the participant was able to work longer, produce larger products, feel less pain and fatigue, and become more satisfied with the work by using assistive technology in job redesign in craftwork.

参考文献 ( 46 ) 〈TOP〉

吴秀照(2007)。台中县身心障碍者就业需求：排除社会障碍的就业政策探讨。政策与社会工作学刊，11(2)，148-197。
连结：
The Global HIV/AIDS Initiatives Network. (2006). A generic guide to research practice. Retrieved March 5, 2010, from http://www.ghinet.org/downloads/A_Generic_Guide_to_GHIN_Research_Practice_Africa.pdf.
行政院勞工委员会（2008）：身心障碍者职务再设计实施方式及补助准则。2011 年6月3 日，取自http://laws.cla.gov.tw/Chi/FLAW/FLAWDAT0202.asp 。[Labour Commission, Executive Yuan. (2008). The guidelines of job redesign implementation and grant. Retrieved June 3, 2011, from http://laws.cla.gov.tw/Chi/FLAW/FLAWDAT0202.asp]
中华民国工业设计学会（2003）：2003 年身心障碍人士工艺创作竞赛。2010 年5 月31日，取自http://www.designrepublic.org.tw/news/incontest.php?show_n_id=582&old_start=975&archive=。[Chinese Industrial Designers Association. (2003). 2003 craft contest of disabilities. Retrieved May 31, 2010, from http://www.designrepublic.org.tw/news/incontest.php?show_n_id=582&old_start=975&archive=]
丰原医院（2011）：身心障碍者职务再设计。2012 年1 月15 日，取自http://web1.fyh.doh.gov.tw/depweb/Rehabilitation/p/teach/redesign/redesign.htm。[Feng-Yuan Hospital. (2011). Job redesign of disabilities. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from http://web1.fyh.doh.gov.tw/depweb/Rehabilitation/p/teach/redesign/redesign.htm]

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