建構以《易經》為基礎的內在朝向式多層立體自我曼陀羅模型：「天人合一我」理論

徐進; 林俊德; 張靈聰; 夏允中

doi:10.6254/IPRCS.201906_(51).0006

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P277 - 318

社会科学 > 心理学

DOI： 10.6254/IPRCS

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建构以《易经》为基础的内在朝向式多层立体自我曼陀罗模型：「天人合一我」理论

Construction of an Inward Multilayer-Stereo Mandala Model of Self Based on the Book of Changes: The Unity of Self and Heaven Theory

徐进(Jin Xu) ；林俊德(Jiun-De Lin) ；张灵聪(Ling-Cong Zhang) ；夏允中(Yung-Jong Shiah)

本土心理学研究； 51 期 (2019 / 06 / 01) ， P277 - 318

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6254/IPRCS.201906_(51).0006

天人合一我；天人合一我理论；自我曼陀罗模型；《易经》； Book of Changes ； Mandala Model of Self ； unity of Self and Nature ； unity of Self and Nature Theory

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (55) │ 被引用文献 (1) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

并列摘要〈TOP〉

There are two kinds of self: one from the western psychology, and one from the philosophies of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. The maintenance and strength of the self are core concepts in western psychology and is particularly relevant to egoism, which is a process that focuses on the hedonic principle in pursuit of desires. In contrast, the philosophies of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism all draw on the principle of self-cultivation. Confucianism emphasizes the relational self and Buddhism centers on the nonself. The Book of Changes, which provides the metaphysical basis of Confucianism and Taoism, depicts the unity of self and heaven. This unity is the original self, and it is reached through the process of self-cultivation. The purpose of this paper is to present a theory of the unity of self and heaven based on the Book of Changes. No prior researchers have proposed such a theory. We used Kwang-Kuo Hwang's Mandala Model of Self (MMS) as a framework to analyze the Book of Changes. Based on this analysis we then used the concept of tai chi in the Book of Changes to construct the Self and Heaven theory, which we named the inward multilayer-stereo mandala model. We used this model to analyze the inner self structure based on a full consideration of the Book of Changes in order to present a self theory to logically and systematically elucidate the teachings of the Book of Changes in a theoretical way. The scope of the unity of self and heaven encompasses the cultivation process from the self of Western individualistic culture to the unity of self and heaven. The unity of self and heaven is a true inner self structure. It is a whole self that is neither desire driven nor seeking a variety of identities as defined by western psychology. Our model contains 4 layers representing the process of cultivation of the self from an individualistic self to the unity of self and heaven. The first layer of the model presents the 8 types of behavioral expressions of self, echoing the bagua symbols. The second layer applies the MMS to represent the 4 image symbols of the Book of Changes. The third layer presents the united opposite selves evolving from the liang yi symbols. In this layer, a self is constricted by two kinds of confrontations derived from the MMS, leading to an opposite but united dynamic state. The last layer is the unity of self and heaven derived from the tai chi symbol. It is a contented and harmonious state with integrity. This cultivating process includes facing original desires, cultivating desire by way of obeying nature, minimizing the desire to meet and increasing the realization of altruism or compassion. . According to our model, these 4 layers comprise a progressive way to practice self-cultivation with the goal of attaining unity of self and heaven: facing desires, dealing with desires using the middle way to minimize them, accepting self-identity, and obeying nature to achieve the experience of union with the universe. The goal of these 4 steps is to face the real self, to get rid of the false feeling of egoism, and eventually to reach a unity of self and heaven that is integrally connected to the experience of eliminating the sense of self and its psychological structures. We also provide a psychological comparison between the unity of self and heaven and the western self. Specifically, we illustrate the difference in psychological processes between the self-cultivation of the Book of Changes and the individualistic self. Our model provides a psychological construct that is different from the Western perspective in terms of self-development. The ultimate goal of unifying self and heaven is to attain authentic durable happiness, harmony, wholeness, and psycho-social equilibrium. Our model provides a personality construct different from the Western personality construct. It also provides answers for a sense of unifying self and heaven may develop. It also provides a possible interpretation of the meaning of life and its ultimate goal. We are the first to postulate an academically respectable theory based on a full consideration of the Book of Changes. As a guide toward authentic, durable happiness, it may contribute to the solution of a variety of mental health problems. The intention of this article was to offer a theory to guide future and innovative research into the potential mutual enrichment of the Book of Changes, current psychological theory, research, and practice. Although more research is needed on this front, it is hoped that our model open significant new avenues for mental health research and unravel the secret of why the Book of Changes has lasted for thousands of years.

参考文献 ( 55 ) 〈TOP〉

林俊德(2018)。《易经》之问题解决思维对谘商专业的启发。辅导季刊，54(1)，28-39。
连结：
夏允中,刘淑慧,王智弘,孙颂贤(2018)。灵性及安身立命：从四大存有问题建构贯串灵性与生涯的本土化理论。中华辅导与谘商学报，51，1-26。
连结：
Aadil, M.,Cosme, R. M.,Chernaik, J.(2017).Mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy as an adjunct treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in young adults: A literature review.Cureus,9(5),1-6.
Andersen, S. M.,Chen, S.(2002).The relational self: An interpersonal social-cognitive theory.Psychological Review,109(4),619-645.
Andersen, S. M.,Glassman, N. S.,Gold, D. A.(1998).Mental representations of the self, significant others, and nonsignificant others: Structure and processing of private and public aspects.Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,75(4),845-861.

被引用文献 ( 1 ) 〈TOP〉

李仁豪(2020)。〈双重寻道论〉：「主客对立」与「天人合一」之对立与合一。本土心理学研究，54，177-237。

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