公教分途的實然與應然－以公立大學兼任行政職務教師校外兼職管理規範為焦點之問題建構

紀茂嬌; 賴怡樺; 連雅慧

doi:10.6209/JORIES.202206_67(2).0006

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P155 - 184

社会科学 > 教育学

DOI： 10.6209/JORIES

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公教分途的实然与应然－以公立大学兼任行政职务教师校外兼职管理规范为焦点之问题建构

Differentiating Teachers From Government Employees: Regulations on Teachers with Concurrent Administrative Positions at National Universities

纪茂娇(Mao-Chiao Chi) ；赖怡桦(Yi-Hua Lai) ；连雅慧(Bella Ya-Hui Lien)

教育科学研究期刊； 67 卷 2 期 (2022 / 06 / 01) ， P155 - 184

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6209/JORIES.202206_67(2).0006

公教分途；兼行政教师；兼职；问题建构；教育人事； differentiating teachers from government employees ； teachers with concurrent administrative positions ； part-time activities ； problem construction ； educational personnel management

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (23) │ 国际计量

摘要〈TOP〉

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At present, human resource management of public university teachers in Taiwan is mainly based on the University Act, the Teachers' Act, and the Act of Governing the Appointment of Educators. Since 1992, interpretation No. 308 of the Grand Justices Council has clearly defined the ＂distinction between teachers and government employees,＂ that is, teachers who also work as administrators fall under the jurisdiction of the Civil Servant Work Act. However, teaching and research emphasize profitability, creativity, and flexibility, whereas administrative duties center on prevention, control, and safety. Overregulation of the legal system may affect the competitiveness of universities and the willingness of teachers to assume administrative positions. Furthermore, with regard to the concurrent administrative positions of teachers, one should question whether (1) the rights and obligations of teachers should differ from those of government employees, (2) whether these differences would be appropriate and fair, (3) whether the regulations would be uniformly applied, (4) whether standardization of practice should be applied, and (5) whether the public is concerned with any relevant issues. Unfortunately, related studies differentiating teachers and government employees have adopted a normative focus. This paper intends to further explore the diagnosis and evaluation of these practical problems mentioned above. To strengthen the development of science and technology in the country and promote cooperation between industry and academia, most studies have advocated for relaxing regulations to encourage university teachers to engage in off-campus part-time activities. Some mechanisms, such as the conflict-of-interest avoidance regulations and disclosure, achieve this without being restricted by the Act of Governing the Appointment of Educators and the Civil Servant Work Act. However, a review of existing laws and regulations that govern the rights and obligations of teachers who hold administrative positions under civil service regulations showed that these laws and regulations are strict for teachers who do not also hold administrative positions. If schools establish internal control mechanisms of self-regulation, further planning and consensus building on the specific regulations are required. This study assessed the regulations on off-campus part-time activities undertaken by teachers who hold a concurrent administrative position at a national university. Moreover, this study explored various perspectives to determine the necessity of adjusting legal regulations. Therefore, the critical systems heuristics model was adopted as the analytical framework. This study evaluated the management of off-campus part-time activities by teachers who hold a concurrent administrative position at a national university. Through sampling 16 university personnel office documents and interviewing 10 university presidents and first-level executives, this study analyzed the off-campus part-time activities by teachers holding a concurrent administrative position. The analysis focused on three aspects of the critical system-inspired approach: position judgements, value evaluation, and observation. The results of the survey indicated that teachers often hold an administrative position at a national university to engage in activities on the side. The percentage of comprehensive and technology-based universities where teachers worked at was significantly higher than that of professional schools. The most controversial among these part-time activities which teachers involved is working at for-profit and non-profit organizations and groups. The interviews indicated that the respondents had diverse opinions about the regulations of off-campus part-time activities. The three main positions expressed by the participants were (1) the regulations should be the same as those for government employees, (2) the regulations should be the same as those for non-administrative teachers, and (3) the regulations should depend on the nature of the administrative matters which teachers are in charge. Among them, position 1 had fewer supporters compared with positions 2 and 3. In conclusion, universities rely on teachers to become more global and competitive. Teachers do so by linking their theoretical and practical expertise, fulfilling their social responsibilities, and contributing to society. If teachers are restricted from having a part-time position because of their concurrent administrative position, it may decrease their intention to involve in administrative positions thus hinder the recruitment of exceptional administrative professionals and the development of the university. This paper proposes two recommendations for policy makers: (1) off-campus part-time activities should be gradually authorized in regulations and administration, and (2) the university should appropriately relax regulations based on the relationship between administrative duties and part-time activities.

参考文献 ( 23 ) 〈TOP〉

黄淑玲、沈硕彬（2017）。大学教师职级、主持研发计画数与研究产能关联性之探讨：以一所私立医学大学为例。教育科学研究期刊，62（4），89-115。https://doi.org/10.6209/ JORIES.2017.62(4).04 【Huang, S.-L., & Shen, S.-P. (2017). Relationships among academic ranks, numbers of funded projects, and research productivity of university faculty: The case of a private medical university. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 62(4), 89-115. https://doi.org/10.6209/JORIES.2017.62(4).04】
连结：
黄源铭（2016）。大学校院教师「违反聘约情节重大」案例暨相关法律问题探讨。教育研究集刊，62（4），85-112。http://doi.org/10.3966/102887082016126204003【Huang, Y.-M. (2016). Research on cases and legal issues involved in college and university teachers’ serious violation of employment contracts. Bulletin of Educational Research, 62(4), 85-112. http://doi.org/10.3966/102887082016126204003】
连结：
郑英杰、张珍玮（2021）。推来拉去之间？从「推拉理论」分析台湾人才流失与因应之道：以留美博士为例。教育科学研究期刊，66（2），1-33。http://doi.org/10.6209/JORIES. 202106_66(2).0001【Jheng, Y.-J., & Chang, C.-W. (2021). Between “push” and “pull”?－An analysis of Taiwan’s “brain drain” and possible solutions from the perspective of push-pull theory: The examples of Ph.D. holders in the U.S.. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 66(2), 1-33. http://doi.org/10.6209/JORIES.202106_66(2).0001】
连结：
丁绵霞、涂凯珍、傅奕嘉、锺雯州、张芳荣（2018）。我国大学教师兼职制度与实施现况之研究。https://p11.ntue.edu.tw/photo/editor/files/1070724-1-8.pdf【Ting, M.-H., Tu, K.-C., Fu, I.-C., Chung, W.-C., & Chang, F.-J. (2018). The research on the part-time system and implementation of university teachers in Taiwan. https://p11.ntue.edu.tw/photo/editor/files/1070724-1-8.pdf】
国立政治大学人事室（2008）。教育部人事处及所属人事机构97年度推动人事业务「十圈十美」计画工作成果报告。https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiu7d3o7u_4AhXSlFwKHcORBxIQFnoECAIQAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fws.moe.edu.tw%2F001%2FUpload%2Fuserfiles%2F03%25E5%2585%25AC%25E7%25AB%258B%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E8%25A1%258C%25E6%2594%25BF%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E5%258A%259B%25E8%25B3%2587%25E6%25BA%2590%25E7%25AE%25A1%25E7%2590%2586%25E4%25B9%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E6%2588%2590%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%25A0%25B1%25E5%2591%258A.doc&usg=AOvVaw1g4rthPXm3rRkG9cd7pTS_【Office of Personnel, National Chengchi University. (2008). The project report of “Ten Circles and Ten Beauties” result for Personnel System in 2008. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiu7d3o7u_4AhXSlFwKHcORBxIQFnoECAIQAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fws.moe.edu.tw%2F001%2FUpload%2Fuserfiles%2F03%25E5%2585%25AC%25E7%25AB%258B%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%25AD%25B8%25E8%25A1%258C%25E6%2594%25BF%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E5%258A%259B%25E8%25B3%2587%25E6%25BA%2590%25E7%25AE%25A1%25E7%2590%2586%25E4%25B9%258B%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E6%2588%2590%25E6%259E%259C%25E5%25A0%25B1%25E5%2591%258A.doc&usg=AOvVaw1g4rthPXm3rRkG9cd7pTS_】

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