日本高級中等教育的「多樣化政策」分析：特色學校的教改理念與實施

劉語霏

doi:10.6209/JORIES.2014.59(1).05

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P141 - 170

社会科学 > 教育学

DOI： 10.6209/JORIES

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日本高级中等教育的「多样化政策」分析：特色学校的教改理念与实施

Policies for the Diversification of Upper Secondary Education in Japan: Educational Reform Concepts and Their Implementation in Featured High Schools

刘语霏(Yu-Fei Liu)

教育科学研究期刊； 59 卷 1 期 (2014 / 03 / 01) ， P141 - 170

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6209/JORIES.2014.59(1).05

十二年国民基本教育；日本高级中等教育；多样化政策；特色学校；教育改革； 12-Year Basic Education ； upper secondary education in Japan ； diversification policies ； featured high schools ； educational reforms

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (33) │ 国际计量

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After 30 years spent planning and designing a 12-Year Basic Education policy, the Ministry of Education finally announced in 2011 that the policy would be implemented in 2014. However, despite the government's promotion of the policy for three years, it is still inducing intense disputes and controversy. The public is primarily concerned about the arrangement of the entrance examinations, outnumbered-applicant ranking criteria, and featured high schools; these three controversial points are related to enrollment and school administration.In particular, the public tends to directly link featured high schools with traditional, so-called ”elite” high schools. Thus, the public has focused on school enrollment while overlooking the importance of school administration. In the postwar period, Japan implemented diversification policies for upper secondary education twice: in the 1960s and the 1990s. In the first phase, general education and vocational education were separated. In the second phase, featured high schools were promoted. Following the emergence of the comprehensive course in the 1990s, the government of Japan aggressively promoted special designations among high schools regardless of whether they were public, private, general, or specialized, including the Super Science High School, Super English Language High School, Becoming a Specialist, and Japanese Dual System designations. These designations were intended to develop schools' characteristics, innovation, localization, and diversification, as well as to help schools implement featured curricula to become featured schools. The implementation of the featured high schools policy released teachers and students from existing curricula, leading them to develop creative teaching materials; it also provided junior high school students with multiple choices for secondary school. Moreover, it facilitated cooperation between local enterprises and high schools, and balanced development between urban and rural areas.This study suggests that for the 12-Year Basic Education policy, building featured high schools is not the same as eliminating elite high schools. Furthermore, it should not be confined to academic features. Although the enrollment strategy specified in the 12-Year Basic Education policy must be modified, the reform direction of the 12-Year Basic Education policy is in line with that implemented in Japan, and deserves recognition. Therefore, this study analyzed the development of policies for the diversification of upper secondary education in Japan through a literature review and a field survey. This study examined education reform concepts and their implementation in featured high schools, as well as school administrations. This study is intended as a reference for the implementation of the 12-Year Basic Education policy in Taiwan.

参考文献 ( 33 ) 〈TOP〉

宋曜廷、周业太、吴佩璵、林秀珊(2010)。从学校本位评量省思台湾扩大免试入学方案。教育科学研究期刊，55(2)，73-113。
连结：
李敦义(2011)。综合高中分流政策对学生学习成就的影响：以TEPS 资料分析为例。教育科学研究期刊，56(2)，107-135。
连结：
(1997)。高校教育半世纪の検证。东京都，日本=Tokyo, Japan:?事出版=Gakuji Shuppan。
文部科学省（2013）。高等学校教育の现状，取自http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chukyo/chukyo3/047/siryo/1334827.htm【Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. (2008). The current status of high school education. Retrieved from http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chukyo/chukyo3/047/siryo/1334827.htm】
教育部统计处（2008）。各级教育学龄人口在学率─净在学率。取自http://140.111.34.54/statistics/publication.aspx?publication_sn=659【Department of Statistics of Ministry of Education. (2008). Enrollment rates of school-Net enrollment rates.Retrieved from http://140.111.34.54/statistics/publication.aspx?publication_sn=659】

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