柔韌設計：化機構阻力為創新助力

Robust Design: Turning the Institutional Forces into the Innovations Enablers

10.6160/2015.03.01

陳蕙芬(Hui-Fen Chen)

柔韌設計 ； 策略回應 ； 機構脈絡 ； 數位學習 ； 質性個案研究 ； robust design ； strategic response ； institutional context ； electronic learning ； qualitative case study

中山管理評論

23卷1期（2015 / 03 / 01）

13 - 55

繁體中文

一個創新能否被接受，過去研究焦點多集中於創新的優勢功能或是社會網絡的影響，少有人關注機構的存在。近年來越來越多研究指向機構的重要，特別是當機構力施展於使用者，無法移除也難以反抗時，創新者必須思考如何回應此機構力，以求得創新順利推展。機構理論主張創新者要致力取得正當性，以得到推展創新的通行證，卻略於討論如何回應機構力；策略性回應提出回應機構力的不同策略，暗示創新者不必然順從於機構，可施展策略以回應機構力，卻未能考慮到使用者；強力設計文獻，主張面對機構力時，要由跟使用者實際接觸的物件設計下手，借此以舊帶新。由設計的角度切入創新採納，將焦點回歸使用者與創新物件的互動，是創新採納的新觀點。本研究歷經四年的田野調查，分析階梯數位學院—本研究中的創新，其物件科技功能中，隱含了契合使用者需求的設計特質，以及回應機構阻力的策略設計，也就是物件設計中包含對機構的算計，形成計中計。本研究將這種化機構阻力為創新助力的設計手法，稱之為柔韌設計。如何將機構的阻力化為創新的助力，本研究發現其中的關鍵在於「從機構施予使用者之阻力找出槓桿點」，才能借力使力。本研究發現的柔韌設計，在學理上，將可補足機構理論、策略性回應、與強力設計等文獻之不足；在實務上，則提醒創新者，除了將焦點放在創新物件的設計，也應深入使用者脈絡，洞悉機構力對使用者的影響，並設法將之轉為推展創新的助力，而非阻力。

Whether the innovation is accepted is a complex problem. More and more studies point out the importance of institutions. Prior literature indicates that institutional forces pose on the user is hard to remove or resist. The best way the innovators could employ is to respond the forces strategically. This study follows the trend of robust design; focus on the design features and strategies as a responding strategy. Thus this study conducted the 4 years field study and aimed to explore the design strategies of innovations to respond the institutional forces. The main findings of the strategies the case used are 'robust design', however there is little understanding of the concept in recent literature. The findings provide the rich interpretation of 'robust design' by illustrating the related literature, practices and strategies exhibited in the research case, and the connection and reflection on the past wisdom. The outcomes of this study will be expected to contribute the literature on innovation design, institution theory, and responding strategies.

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