英文摘要
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Purpose: This study examined the effects of the Yong-Ling Chinese remedial program (YL program) and teachers’ professional backgrounds on the literacy progress of second graders. Methods: Fifty-nine schools with 382 students (average age: 7.8 years) participated in this study. The participating students were divided into two groups: a treatment group of 198 students and a control group of 184 students-both containing students from every school. With their parents’ consent, students in the treatment group participated in the YL program for 40-minute sessions, six times per week over the course of 16 weeks. The students in the control group did not take part in the program. The 36 teachers assigned to the treatment group were categorized by professional background: full-time teachers with a elementary teacher certification (n = 16), unemployed teachers with certificates (n = 12), and student teachers from colleges (n = 8). A pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design was adopted. In addition to using the measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ), we tested for Chinese character size, Chinese character dictation, and Chinese reading comprehension before and after the intervention. Additionally, all students were required by the Taiwanese Ministry of Education to take a literacy achievement test, the After School Alternative Program- (ASAP-) technology-based test. We obtained the students' ASAP scores from the schools. Hierarchical regression analysis techniques, using SES, IQ, and pretest scores as covariates, were used to analyze the treatment effects. Furthermore, for the treatment group, hierarchical regression analysis was repeated to analyze the effects of teachers’ professional backgrounds on students’ test scores. Results/Findings: First, the intervention effects, for three out of four measures of literacy progress-namely Chinese character dictation, Chinese reading comprehension, and ASAP-were significant; that is, students in the experimental group outperformed the students in the control group in all aspects, except for Chinese character size. Second, when comparing the means of the three teacher professional background groups, no significant differences were observed in terms of Chinese character size, Chinese character dictation, and Chinese reading comprehension. However, the ASAP scores of students who were taught by the inexperienced student teachers lagged significantly behind those of students taught by the more experienced teachers. Conclusions/Implications: In addition to illustrating the intervention effectiveness of the YL program, this study discovered that teachers' professional background is not a crucial factor influencing the effectiveness of the YL program.
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