偏遠地區公立國民中小學校績效獎金計畫之建構

School-based Performance Award Program for Public Schools in Taiwan's Remote Areas

許添明(Tian-Ming Sheu)；林慧玲(Hui-Ling Lin)

教育財政 ； 教育績效 ； 偏遠地區 ； 學校績效獎金 ； school finance ； educational accountability ； remote area ； group performance award

教育科學研究期刊

54卷4期（2009 / 12 / 01）

115 - 137

繁體中文

教育部透過各項補助計畫以改善偏遠地區國民中小學校學生學業成就低落的問題，甚至以離島、山僻加給吸引教師前往任教，但這些計畫對於提升該地區學生學習成就效果有限。本研究以偏遠地區校長、教師組成的焦點團體訪談與個別訪談，建構以學校為基礎的績效獎金計畫，不僅避免個人績效獎金制度引發的競爭，而且透過團隊合作方式有效提升學生學業成就。本計畫特點如下：採志願參加，教職員工績效獎金額度採同工同酬，學校也會獲得績效獎金，績效評核以學科績效為主，非學科績效為輔，並以平衡計分卡方式計算績效獎金。為了順利實施該計畫，本研究也提出配套措施：充足的經費來源，召開說明會並訂定試辦期，加強偏遠學校成員團隊合作與專業知能。

Students in Taiwan’s remote areas have long been recognized for their poor performance in student achievement. To overcome this problem, government subsidies many programs including paying more to teachers who serve in these areas. However, student achievement in these areas has not seen much improvement. This research is to design a school-based performance award (SBPA) program for public schools in remote areas in the hope that this incentive will help to raise student achievement. After interviewing of one focus group and several individual teachers and principals in remote areas, we have developed this SBPA with the following features. First, it is voluntary to join the SBPA and the award applies to anyone who joins the program. Second, both individual teachers and schools are eligible for the performance award. Third, student achievement in five core academic subjects and four nonacademic factors are served as performance measures in the SBPA. Fourth, balanced scorecard is adopted as the bonus payout structure. Certain processes should be thought through for successful implementation of the SBPA.

1. 吳清山、蔡菁芝(2006)。英美兩國教育績效責任之比較分析及其啓示。師大學報：教育類，51(1)，1-21。
   連結：
2. 林俊瑩、吳裕益(2007)。家庭因素、學校因素對學生學業成就的影響－階層線性模式的分析。教育研究集刊，53(4)，107-144。
   連結：
3. 洪儷瑜(2001)。義務教育階段之一般弱勢學生的補救教育之研究。師大學報：教育類，46(1)，45-65。
   連結：
4. 陳淑麗、曾世杰、洪儷瑜(2006)。原住民國語文低成就學童文化與經驗本位補救教學成效之研究。師大學報：教育類，51(2)，147-171。
   連結：
5. 甄曉蘭(2006)。偏遠國中教育機會不均等問題與相關教育政策初探。教育研究集刊，53(3)，1-35。
   連結：
6. 全國軍公教員工待遇支給要點
7. Alexander, K.,Salmon, R. G.(1995).Public school finance.Needham Heights, MA:Allyn & Bacon.
8. Bullock, R. J.,Tubbs, M. E.(1990).A case meta-analysis of gainsharing plans or organization development interventions.Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,26(3),383-404.
9. Burnett, G.(1994).Urban Diversity Series No.105, ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED376263Urban Diversity Series No.105, ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED376263,Washington, DC:Office of Educational Research and Improvement.
10. Hanushek, E. A.(1994).Making schools work: Improving performance and controlling costs.Washington, DC:Brookings.
11. Heneman, R L.,Ledford, G. E.,Gresham, M. T.,S. L. Rynes (Eds.),B. Gerhart (Eds.)(2000).Compensation in organizations.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
12. Kelley, C.,Conley, S.,Kimball, S.(2000).Payment for results: The effects of the Kentucky and Maryland group-based performance award program.Peabody Journal of Education,75(4),159-199.
13. Kelley, C.,Heneman, G.,Milanowski, A.(2002).Teacher motivation and school-based performance award.Educational Administration Quarterly,38(3),372-401.
14. King, R. A.,Mathers, J. K.(1997).Improving schools through performance-based accountability and financial rewards.Journal of Education Finance,23,147-176.
15. Ladd, H. F.(1999).The Dallas school accountability and incentive program: An evaluation of its impacts on student outcomes.Economics of Education Review,18(1),1-16.
16. Lawler, E.(1990).Strategic pay: Aligning organizational strategies and pay systems.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
17. How the world's best-performing school systems come out on top
18. Mitchell, D. J. B.,Lewin, D.,Lawler, E. E.,A. S. Blinder (Ed.)(1990).Paying for productivity: A look at the evidence.Washington, DC:Brookings.
19. Odden, A.,Kelley, C.(2002).Paying teachers for what they know and do: New and smarter compensation strategies to improve schools.Thousand Oaks, CA:Corwin Press.
20. How to achieve world class teacher
21. O''Dell, C.(1987).People, performance and pay.Houston, TX:American Productivity Center.
22. The PISA International Database
23. Poggio, J. P.,R. S. Pankratz (Eds.),J. M. Petrosko (Eds.)(2000).All children can learn: Lessons from the Kentucky reform experience.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
24. Ramirez, A.(2001).How merit pay undermines education.Educational Leadership,58(5),16-20.
25. Smith, S. S.,Mickelson, R. A.(2000).All that glisters is not gold: School reform in Charlotte-Mecklenburg.Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis,22(2),101-127.
26. Stecher, B. M.,Barron, S.(1999).Test-based accountability: The perverse consequences of milepost testing.Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association,Montreal, Canada:
27. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 2009
28. 王文科譯、王智弘譯、S.Vaughn、J. S. Schumm著、J. Sinagub著(1999)。焦點團體訪談－教育與心理學適用。臺北市:五南。
29. 胡幼慧主編(1996)。質性研究：理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。臺北市:巨流。
30. 許添明、黃木蘭(2000)。教師獎勵措施與原住民國小師資結構－以花蓮縣爲例。教育研究資訊雙月刊，8(2)，99-124。
31. 陳伯璋、許添明、潘慧玲主編(2002)。教育改革之未來。臺北市:高等教育。
32. 陳麗珠(2000)。美國教育財政改革。臺北市:五南。
33. 歐素汝譯、D. W. Stewart著、P. N. Shamdasani著(1999)。焦點團體：理論與實務。臺北市:弘智文化。
34. 魏惠娟、謝臥龍主編(2004)。質性研究。臺北市:心理。

1. 陳盈宏(2014)。競爭性經費分配機制之探討―以獎勵大學教學卓越計畫為例。學校行政，93，170-184。
2. 許添明、張良丞、吳新傑(2016)。國民中學適足教育經費：臺灣偏遠與非偏遠地區學校的比較。教育科學研究期刊，61(3)，43-67。
3. 汪耀文(2017)。關於教育部「公立學校教師獎金支給辦法草案」的建議。學校行政，107，165-181。
4. (2010)。弱勢者學習協助計畫：不應只有補救教學。教育研究月刊，199，32-42。
5. (2019)。臺灣學校績效責任議題研究之回顧分析：以1984~2018年期刊論文為範疇。教育研究月刊，302，133-155。