「青春無菸煙」校園電子煙危害防制教學活動之成效初探

劉冠儀; 廖容瑜; 張文琪; 劉芳怡; 呂莉婷

doi:10.6209/JORIES.202112_66(4).0006

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P167 - 182

社会科学 > 教育学

DOI： 10.6209/JORIES

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「青春无菸烟」校园电子烟危害防制教学活动之成效初探

＂Youth Smoke-Free＂ Teaching Activities for Preventing E-Cigarette Use: A Pilot Study

刘冠仪(Kuan-Yi Liu) ；廖容瑜(Jung-Yu Liao) ；张文琪(Wen-Chi Chang) ；刘芳怡(Fang-Yi Liu) ；吕莉婷(Li-Ting Lu)

教育科学研究期刊； 66 卷 4 期 (2021 / 12 / 01) ， P167 - 182

繁体中文 DOI： 10.6209/JORIES.202112_66(4).0006

青春无菸烟；校园；教学活动；电子烟危害防制； Youth Smoke-Free ； campus ； teaching activities ； e-cigarette prevention

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摘要 │ 参考文献 (15) │ 国际计量

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Aim and Motivation of the Study: Additives in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can damage the autonomous nervous, central nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. Furthermore, these additives may contain cannabis, amphetamine, and other drugs. Therefore, e-cigarettes can be a route through which additive substances enter the body and cause physical and mental harm. Studies have indicated that the progression to future smoking in nonsmoking adolescents increased six-fold after e-cigarette use. A 2018 study revealed that the mean prevalence of e-cigarette use among adolescents in nine countries was 16.4%. The prevalence of e-cigarette use among adolescents in Taiwan is gradually increasing; in March 2021, nearly 60,000 Taiwanese adolescents used e-cigarettes, which illustrates the popularity of e-cigarette use in Taiwanese youth. Therefore, increasing adolescents’ caution toward e-cigarettes and preventing e-cigarettes from harming schools have become urgent concerns in health education. Literature Review: In 2020, Liu, Gaiha, and Halpern-Felsher investigated methods for controlling e-cigarette use by examining 16 e-cigarette prevention and cessation or treatment programs. Of these programs, few were related to e-cigarette intervention. However, seven studies have evaluated the cognitive effectiveness of e-cigarette control programs. Two studies were conducted in 2021: that of Gaiha et al. referenced the Stanford Tobacco Prevention Toolkit to develop a 30-minute e-cigarette prevention educational activity and that of Weser et al. employed virtual reality to design an e-cigarette prevention activity called ＂Invite Only VR: A Vaping Prevention Game＂ (Invite Only VR). In the first study, researchers were able to increase junior and senior high school students' e-cigarette awareness and decrease the students' behavioral intention to try e-cigarettes. The second study demonstrated that moderate knowledge and perceived harm in junior high school students led to a decrease in reported likelihood of using e-cigarettes; however, no significant changes in attitudes, social perceptions, and self-efficacy were observed. Existing e-cigarette prevention and control programs lack comprehensive designs. Therefore, more evidence-based tools, resources, and related evaluation studies are required. Study Methods: In this pilot study, students from a grade 5 and a grade 6 class were included as participants. Teachers combined a ＂smoke-free adolescence＂ teaching activity focused on controlling e-cigarette use with actual school classes to guide students through experiential classes. This enabled teachers to adjust the design of the teaching activities as required. A structured questionnaire was used in this study for pretest and posttest effectiveness evaluations of knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and intention. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform a paired t test to compare differences in participants before and after course activities. Study Results: A total of 53 elementary school students completed the questionnaire. A paired t test was used to assess the performance of the students with respect to knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and intention. The results revealed no significant differences in levels of knowledge and self-efficacy. However, the mean values for both attitudes and intention were higher in the posttest than in the pretest, which indicates that teaching intervention to prevent e-cigarette harm can positively affect attitudes and intentions. Discussion and Suggestions: Conventional health education in Taiwan provides health theme-related factual knowledge but lacks scenario-based guidance and integration. This causes student knowledge to be singular or fragmented and is not conducive to cultivating health literacy among students. The ＂smoke-free adolescence＂ school teaching activity use employed in this study was developed with consideration for individuals, families, schools, and the law, and various teaching materials were designed that combined the 4Fs (facts, feelings, findings, and future) and health literacy. These materials included scenarios and were presented in digital, comic, and animation formats, which have broad and flexible applications. The questionnaire included items measuring knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and intention to not use e-cigarettes. The results of the evaluations support the usability of the course. The proposed course can be implemented in the future, and suitable themes can be selected according to on-site teaching contexts and subsequently evaluated for effectiveness. In this pilot study, only one elementary school served as the study site, and convenience sampling was employed. Thus, the study is limited in its generalizability. We recommend that the sampling scope and size be increased in future studies and that random sampling be employed to improve sample representativeness. In addition, this was only a preliminary study. No control group was included for comparison, and student follow-up was not performed. Therefore, we were unable to elucidate the long-term effectiveness of the teaching materials; future studies can consider this aspect.

参考文献 ( 15 ) 〈TOP〉

廖信荣、李景美、何文雀、颜丽娟、林世华、苗乃芳、龙芝宁（2005）。台北市国民小学五年级学生菸害预防教育介入成效分析。学校卫生，（47），25-52。【Liao, H.-J., Lee, C.-M., Ho, W.-C., Yen, L., Lin, S.-H., Miao, N.-F., & Lung, C.-N. (2005). Study on a Tobacco preventive education intervention among the fifth-grade students in Taipei City. Chinese Journal of School Health, (47), 25-52. https://doi.org/10.30026/CJSH.200512.0002】
连结：
赖鼎富、林倩宇、廖邕（2019）。青少年电子烟使用与吸菸意图或吸菸行为之关联性：系统性文献回顾。台湾公共卫生杂志，38（2），124-138。https://doi.org.10.6288/TJPH.201904_ 38(2).107136【Lai, T.-F., Lin, C.-Y., & Liao, Y. (2019). Association of e-cigarette use with smoking intentions and behaviors among adolescents: A systematic review. Taiwan Journal of Public Health, 38(2), 124-138. 】
连结：
Cao, D. J., Aldy, K., Hsu, S., McGetrick, M., Verbeck, G., De Silva, I., & Feng, S. Y. (2020). Review of health consequences of electronic cigarettes and the outbreak of electronic cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 16(3), 295-310.
连结：
Gaiha, S. M., Duemler, A., Silverwood, L., Razo, A., Halpern-Felsher, B., & Walley, S. C. (2021). School-based e-cigarette education in Alabama: Impact on knowledge of e-cigarettes, perceptions and intent to try. Addictive Behaviors, 112, 106519.
连结：
King, B. A., Jones, C. M., Baldwin, G. T., & Briss, P. A. (2020). The EVALI and youth vaping epidemics - Implications for public health. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 689-691.
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