题名

心理師校園駐區服務的困境、需求與挑戰由台北市國中輔導人員之觀點

并列篇名

Difficulties, Needs, and Challenges of School-based Mental Health Services: A Perspective of Junior High School Counselors in Taipei

作者

林郁倫(Yu-Lun Lin);陳婉真(Wan-Chen Chen);林耀盛(Yaw-Sheng Lin);王鍾和(Zhong-He Wang)

关键词

學校輔導 ; 心理師駐區服務 ; 質性研究 ; 跨專業合作 ; 專業風格 ; school guidance ; school-based mental health services ; interdisciplinary collaboration ; professional style ; qualitative study

期刊名称

輔導與諮商學報

卷期/出版年月

36卷1期(2014 / 05 / 01)

页次

37 - 64

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

研究目的:台北市教育局於2010年正式設置「台北市學生輔導諮商中心」,期望透過心理專業人員的加入,提升中小學輔導工作品質。本研究欲探究對於學校輔導人員而言,學校輔導工作的困境為何?對於心理師引入校園的期待為何?以及學校輔導系統如何與心理師系統發展跨專業合作模式等議題。研究方法:本研究以目前在國中服務之輔導工作者(包含輔導主任、組長、輔導教師)為研究對象,進行一對一半結構式訪談,共訪談五位。以紮根理論為研究方法,透過逐字稿分析、編碼,將實務工作現場所呈現之資料建構出歸納式結論。研究結果:(一)學校輔導之主要困境:學生家庭的溝通與介入、授課負擔重及工作熱忱耗竭、系統性困境、校內處室合作與輔導室同仁合作問題。(二)校方對心理師之期待:「證照」帶來的「保證」、「信任感」,甚至具有「月暈效應」和「不可質疑性」;然而心理師效能的關鍵因素並非專業知識或技術,而是「專業風格」,包括:實際處理個案的能力、個人特質、系統整合能力、情境能力。(三)校方與心理師之「合作模式」與「合作關係」:合作模式在角色定位差異的情況下,可分為:專業競爭與精緻分工;合作關係則分為:階級關係-地位與權力不平等、一體關係-平等彼此融入。

英文摘要

In August 2010, the Taipei City Department of Education officially established the Taipei Student Counseling Center, which is staffed with counseling psychologists and social worker to improve the professionalism and quality of school guidance networks. However, still in its infancy, the system is struggling in the conflict between competition and cooperation. Nevertheless, interdisciplinary professional school guidance resource collaboration is important, and this study explored issues such as the needs and expectations of school guidance systems, impact and challenges of psychologist involvement in campus, integration between school guidance systems and psychologists, and the development of interdisciplinary cooperation model. Using semi-structured interviews, data are collected from 5 guidance workers (including managers and teachers) working in Taipei junior high schools. The data were transcribed, analyzed, and coded, and grounding theory methodology was used to construct the new working model. Results showed three major themes in the narratives. The first theme centered on existing challenges confronting school guidance, namely student family communication and involvement, guidance worker teaching overload and subsequent diminishing motivation, and systematic burdens such as policy advocacy, inter-departmental cooperation, and colleague relationship with respect to guidance. The second theme involves school expectations toward psychologists, such as "guarantee," "trust" and even "halo effect" and "impressions of being indisputable" as a result of their "license" qualification. Yet the key to effectiveness is not in professional knowledge or techniques guaranteed by licenses, but rather in professional styles such as practical competence, personal traits, knowledge integration, and situational ability. The third theme concerns cooperation and partnership between schools and psychologists. Approaches to cooperation models can be divided into professional competition and specialized division of labor; and partnership can be divided into rank relationship such as unequal status and power, and equal status relations. Based on the above findings, the researchers made recommendations for future studies in school-based mental health services and guidance professionals.

主题分类 社會科學 > 心理學
社會科學 > 教育學
参考文献
  1. 方惠生、戴嘉南(2008)。彰化縣專業諮商人員介入國小校園輔導工作實驗方案評估研究。諮商輔導學報,18,89-121。
    連結:
  2. 王麗斐、杜淑芬(2009)。臺北市國小輔導人員與諮商心理師之有效跨專業合作研究。教育心理學報,41,295-320。
    連結:
  3. 王麗斐、杜淑芬、趙曉美(2008)。國小駐校諮商心理師有效諮商策略之探索性研究。教育心理學報,39(3),413-434。
    連結:
  4. 伍育英(2003)。美國諮商心理師證照制度現況與台灣心理師法實施後比較省思。諮商與輔導,215,2-7。
    連結:
  5. 林家興(2002)。中學輔導教師與專業輔導人員工作內容的時間分析。教育心理學報,33(2),23-40。
    連結:
  6. 林家興、洪雅琴(2001)。學校人員對國中輔導工作及專業輔導人員試辦方案之評估研究。教育心理學報,32(2),103-120。
    連結:
  7. 林家興、洪雅琴(2002)。專業輔導人員參與國中輔導工作的概況與成效。教育心理學報,34(1),83-102。
    連結:
  8. 林耀盛、李維倫(2011)。不再是玫瑰:臨床心理學訓練與實踐的反思。中華心理衛生學刊,24(2),165-171。
    連結:
  9. 陳惠雯、王曉薇、韓昌宏、彭瑞連、張雅苓(2006)。從中小學輔導工作的挫敗看專業證照助人工作者駐效模式的救濟:走一條尋回專業的路。應用心理研究,30,144-179。
    連結:
  10. 趙曉美、王麗斐(2008)。國小兒童個案問題與輔導室對校外心理健康專業協助需求之研究─以臺北市為例。北體學報,16,351-362。
    連結:
  11. 趙曉美、王麗斐、楊國如(2006)。臺北市諮商心理師國小校園服務方案之實施評估。教育心理學報,37(4),345-365。
    連結:
  12. 鄭如安、葉宣瑩(2011)。高雄市駐校心理師服務現況與困境之分析研究。美和學報,30(2),15-40。
    連結:
  13. Adelman, H. S.,Taylor, L.(1999).Mental health in schools and system restructuring.Clinical Psychology Review,19,137-163.
  14. Bierman, K. L.(2003).Commentary: New models for school-based mental health services.School Psychology Review,32(4),525-529.
  15. Botvin, G.,Baker, E.,Dusenbury, L.,Botvin, E.,Diaz, T.(1995).Long-term follow-up results of a randomized drug abuse prevention trial in a white middle-class population.Journal of the American Medical Association,273,1106-1112.
  16. Clarke, G.,Hawkins, W.,Murphy, M.,Sheeber, L.(1993).School-based primary prevention of depressive symptomatology in adolescents: Findings from two studies.Journal of Adolescent Research,8,183-204.
  17. Davis, J. M.,Sandoval, J.(1992).School psychologists' personalities: Award winners contrasted with a random sample.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice,23(5),418-420.
  18. Ghuman, H.(Ed.),Weist, M. D.(Ed.),Sarles, R.(Ed.)(2002).Providing mental health services to youth where they are: School- and community-based approaches.New York, NY:Taylor & Francis.
  19. Gillham, J.,Reivich, K.,Jaycox, L.,Seligman, M.(1995).Prevention of depressive symptoms in school children: Two-year follow-up.Psychological Science,6,343-351.
  20. Gilman, R.,Medway, F. J.(2007).Teachers' perceptions of school psychology: A comparison of regular and special education teacher ratings.School Psychology Quarterly,22(2),145-161.
  21. Hostetler, M.,Fisher, K.(1997).Project C.A.R.E. substance abuse prevention program for high-risk youth: A longitudinal evaluation of program effectiveness.Journal of Community Psychology,25,397-419.
  22. Hudley, C.,Graham, S.(1993).An attributional intervention to reduce peer-directed aggression among African American boys.Child Development,64,124-138.
  23. Kauffman, J. M.(2005).Characteristics of emotional and behavioral disorders of children and youth.Upper Saddle River, NJ:Merrill.
  24. Knoff, H.,Batsche, G.(1995).Project ACHIEVE: Analyzing a school reform process for at-risk and underachieving students.School Psychology Review,24,579-603.
  25. Paavola, J. C.,Carey, K.,Cobb, C.,Illback, R. J.,Joseph, H. M.,Routh, D. K.,Torruella, A.(1996).Interdisciplinary school practice: Implications of the service integration movement for psychologists.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice,21,34-40.
  26. Payzant, T. M.(1992).New beginnings in San Diego: Developing a strategy for interagency collaboration.Phi Delta Kappan,74,139-146.
  27. Reinke, W. M.,Stormont, M.,Herman, K. C.,Puri, R.,Goel, N.(2011).Supporting children's mental health in schools: Teacher perceptions of needs, roles, and barriers.School Psychology Quarterly,26(1),1-13.
  28. Robert, D. R.(1971).Critical behavior in effective and ineffective role fulfillment of school psychologists.Professional Psychology,15,262-265.
  29. Rones, M.,Hoagwood, K.(2000).School-based mental health services: A research review.Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review,3,223-241.
  30. Rosenbaum, D.,Hanson, G.(1998).Assessing the effects of school-based drug education: A six-year multilevel analysis of project D.A.R.E.Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency,5,381-412.
  31. Thomas, A.(Ed.),Grimes, J.(Ed.)(1995).Best practices in school psychology.Washington, DC:National Association of School Psychologists.
  32. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services(1999).Mental health: A report of the surgeon general.Rockville, MD:U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health.
  33. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services(2001).Report of the surgeon general's conference on children's mental health: A national action agenda,Washington, DC:
  34. Vanderbleek, L. M.(2004).Engaging families in school-based mental health.Journal of Mental Health Counseling,26,211-224.
  35. Walsh, M. E.,Brabeck, M. E.,Howard, K. A.(1999).Interprofessional collaboration in children's services: Toward a theoretical framework.Children's Services: Social Policy, Research, and Practice,2(4),183-208.
  36. Waxman, R. P.,Weist, M. D.,Benson, D. M.(1999).Toward collaboration in the growing education mental health interfaces.Clinical Psychology Review,19(2),239-253.
  37. Weist, M. D.,Ambrose, M. G.,Lewis, C. P.(2006).Expanded school mental health: A collaborative community-school example.Children and Schools,28(1),45-50.
  38. 牛格正、王智弘(2008)。助人專業倫理。台北:心靈工坊。
  39. 田秀蘭、王麗斐、王文秀、林美珠、林幸台(1999)。國小輔導師資培育模式之研究:輔導工作現況與困境之訪談研究。跨世紀輔導與諮商學術研討會,彰化:
  40. 刑志彬(2009)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。新竹,國立新竹教育大學教育心理與諮商研究所。
  41. 吳姿瑩(2005)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北,國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系。
  42. 呂俐安譯、張黛眉譯、鄭玲宜譯、楊雅明譯、Lewis, E. P.、Elizabeth, R. W.(1997)。諮商過程。臺北:五南。
  43. 林美珠(1999)。國小輔導工作實施需要、現況與困境之研究。中華輔導學報,8,51-76。
  44. 金玉萍(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北,國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系在職進修班。
  45. 洪莉竹(2005)。創造學校輔導人員的專業定位—專業學校諮商師的角色與功能。教育研究月刊,134,11-22。
  46. 許雅凱(2008)。學校輔導中與個案家長溝通的倫理問題。諮商與輔導,265,34-37。
  47. 陳秉華(1999)。邁向專業—臺灣輔導界發展的回顧與前瞻。亞洲輔導學報,6(2),21-44。
  48. 陳為堅(2004)。教育部委託研究報告教育部委託研究報告,臺北:教育部。
  49. 陳錦如(2006)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北,臺北市立教育大學心理與諮商學系。
  50. 曾端貞(2002)。督導者應備的基本知能。諮商督導—理論篇,臺北:
  51. 董氏基金會(2002)。青少年主觀生活壓力與憂鬱傾向之相關性調查。大家健康,26-27
  52. 趙曉美、潘淑芬(2003)。,臺北市政府教育局。
  53. 劉焜輝、洪莉竹、周麗玉、賈紅鶯、李玉嬋(2003)。學校輔導工作之多元面貌:專業理念與實務的對話。臺北:天馬。
  54. 鄭安伶(2002)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。屏東,屏東師範學院教育心理與輔導研究所。
  55. 賴炘棠(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北,臺灣師範大學教育學系在職進修班。
被引用次数
  1. 陳婉真,洪雅鳳,林傳陽,江守峻(2021)。心理師在學校輔導跨專業合作的現況與信念:應然面與實然面的落差。中華心理衛生學刊,34(1),55-84。
  2. 戴芳儀,陳婉真,宋宥賢,江守峻(2021)。國中導師對於輔導工作的觀點與挑戰:從專業典範差異看導師與輔導老師之跨領域合作。輔導與諮商學報,43(1),57-90。
  3. 洪瑞兒、李佩珊、宋宥賢、王麗斐(2017)。建構中小學初任輔導人員職前培訓機制:戴明循環觀點之應用。教育實踐與研究,30(2),67-104。
  4. 黃禎慧、陳婉眞、洪雅鳳、侯瑀彤、江守峻(2018)。心理師與學校輔導合作經驗初探:北部地區心理師之觀點。輔導與諮商學報,40(1),25-44。
  5. 林淑華、吳寶嘉、田秀蘭(2017)。高中職輔導教師工作困境、因應方式與督導需求初探。家庭教育與諮商學刊,20,87-116。
  6. 林淑君、王麗斐(2015)。滴水穿石:某偏鄉國中駐校心理諮商介入方案之縱貫性追蹤研究。教育科學研究期刊,60(4),161-190。
  7. 劉宗幸,李鈺華(2023)。初探國中學校行政組織下的心理師與輔導教師之跨專業合作。輔導與諮商學報,45(2),1-26。
  8. 彭韋銜,陳婉真,洪兆祥,江守峻(2019)。國中輔導教師與心理師的獨立分工、專業認可對工作壓力之關係:專業衝突的中介角色。國立臺灣科技大學人文社會學報,15(1),31-55。
  9. 彭秀玲,陳婉真,陳羽柔,洪逸珊,江守峻(2020)。與心理師跨專業合作在輔導教師角色壓力與工作滿意度的中介角色。中華輔導與諮商學報,57,121-148。
  10. 彭秀玲、陳婉真、洪雅鳳、邱郁涵、江守峻(2018)。輔導教師與心理師的跨專業合作量表之編製研究:輔導教師的觀點。測驗學刊,65(4),341-365。
  11. 顏瑞隆,鄧文章(2020)。醫院床邊巡迴教師於癌症病童教學之跨領域合作與專業認同經驗。教育實踐與研究,33(1),71-106。
  12. 葉琳,陳姵穎,張景然(2021)。諮商心理師帶領家暴相對人團體之經驗分析。輔導與諮商學報,43(1),21-55。
  13. 游以安、姜兆眉(2017)。助人專業合作的鏡映與省思:從社工師觀點看諮商心理師於學校輔導場域的專業實踐。輔導與諮商學報,38(2),53-73。
  14. 張聖杰、李佩珊、宋宥賢(2018)。初任國民中小學專任輔導教師職前培訓方案的參與經驗與需求評估之初探研究。中華輔導與諮商學報,51,217-262。
  15. 趙文滔(2015)。中小學輔導教師跨系統合作之成功經驗探究。家庭教育與諮商學刊,19,1-31。
  16. (2019)。強化社會安全網:背景與策略。社區發展季刊,165,3-29。
  17. (2019)。社會福利設施土地、建物委辦方式與選擇要素。社區發展季刊,166,88-97。
  18. (2023)。跨專業合作的結與解:從輔導教師與心理師的觀點並行分析。教育學刊,61,1-41。